Antimalarial medication derived from the sweet wormwood plant, Artemisia annua, commonly known as qinghaosu. Artemisinin is distilled from the dried leaves or flower clusters of A. annua and is a sesquiterpene lactone (a molecule made up of three isoprene units bonded to cyclic organic esters).
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Chinese physicians first discovered the plant's antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects in the 4th century CE, naming it qinghao and recommending it as a natural medicine in the form of qinghao tea. This medicine was extensively given for haemorrhoids and malaria in the following centuries.
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This compound's active ingredient, qinghaosu, became recognised as artemisinin. Artemisinin derivatives such as artesunate and artemether are being utilised in the treatment of malaria.
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About Artemisia Annua Plant:
Sweet wormwood, also known as sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort, or annual wormwood, is a widespread kind of wormwood native to temperate Asia that has naturalised in many places, including areas of North America. Artemisinin (or artesunate), a drug made from an extract of annua, is used to treat malaria.
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The temperate climate regions of Asia, particularly the northern parts of China's Chahar and Suiyuan provinces, are home to A. annua. Wild populations have emerged in many parts of the world, including the United States, Argentina, and much of Europe.
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Uses:
Artemisia annua is an antimalarial that is used to treat multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria strains. It's an antimalarial as well as a plant metabolite. It's an organic peroxide and a sesquiterpene lactone. Artemisinin is effective against all Plasmodium parasitic protozoa that cause malaria.
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The medicine is very effective in treating infections caused by chloroquine-resistant parasites and infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. falciparum, the deadliest of the malaria protozoans. Plasmodium organisms in the schizont stage of development are targeted by artemisinin. Among the artemisinin-derived drugs, artesunate is unique in that it can be given intravenously.
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Market Outlook:
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is treated with artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). Due to the significant prevalence of malaria, especially in emerging and underdeveloped nations, this market has been growing in recent years. Because of its expanding application scope in the pharmaceutical industry, the worldwide artemisinin market is predicted to increase significantly over the period.
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WHO recognition of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as a first-line treatment for malaria, demand for artemisinin has increased significantly over the last decade. Because of the huge production base of artemisinin herbs and the growing need for artemisinin-based therapy in malaria-endemic areas, Asia Pacific and Africa held the greatest market share for artemisinin and its derivatives.
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The largest consumer regions are Europe and India. In 2015, Europe's consumption was estimated to be around 107 MT. India's consumption has fluctuated in recent years, accounting for roughly 26% of total in 2015.
Major Players:
1. Fosun Pharmaceutical (Guilin Pharmaceutical)
2. Sanofi S.A.
3. Novartis AG
4. KPC Pharmaceuticals
5. Cipla Ltd.
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